The Origins of Martial Arts in the UK

The Origins of Martial Arts in the UKhis links with the BJA and formed his own organisation
The following article offers those students, who are- the Masutaro O'Tani Society of Judo (MOSJ).
interested in the true history of British Judo and Aikido,Around that time the London Judo Society (LJS), a
a more comprehensive view of the profound effectBJA group co-founded by George Chew and Eric
that Kenshiro Abbe sensei had on British Martial Arts.Dominy, decided to invite a high ranking Japanese Judo
ESTA are most grateful to Mr Nigel Porter of theplayer/teacher to their society, to become their chief
"Tokushima Budo Council Internationalinstructor.
(Judo)" and also the "Traditional AikidoKenshiro Abbe and Kyu Shin Do
Iwama Ryu GB", for allowing us to place thisIn 1955 and as a result of the LJS decision, a man,
article on our website.who's credentials were incredible by Japanese
Jujutsu Arrivesstandards let alone British ones, arrived in Britain. The
On the 26th of September 1899 a British engineer,man was Kenshiro Abbe (1915 - 1985) and he was
called Barton Wright, returned to England after ansingle handedly to have more of an impact on British
extended period of living and working in Japan. HeMartial Arts than anyone who had gone before or, for
brought with him an eighteen year old Japanese manthat matter, after.
whom he had developed a friendship with, and who heAbbe Sensei was born in Tokushima province, Japan
believed had something special to give to the Britishand was first introduced to Martial Arts by his father, a
people. The Japanese youth was Yukio Tani (1881 -Kendo teacher,at the age of 3. Abbe Sensei learnt
1950) and he was an exponent of the Japanese art ofSumo wrestling at school and became the regional
Jujutsu. The combination ofBarton Wright, asschool champion. In 1931 Abbe Sensei began Judo and
entrepreneur /manager and Yukio Tani, a naturalone year later, when only 15 years old, was graded
showman, led the two men into touring the Music Hall2nd Dan. His Judo prowess grew from there,
circuit, where Tani would challenge anyone willing tobecoming the Tokushima High schools champion at 16
wrestle with him. With the temptation of winningand receiving his 3rd Dan from the national Martial Arts
£1 for lasting each minute, overan initial 5governing body, the Butokukai.
minutes, or £50 for winning, there was never aIn 1933 he enrolled at the Butokukai's special teacher
shortage of challengers. However, at a diminutive 5training college and later was graded 5th Dan,
feet 6 inches (1.67Mts) Tani allegedly lost only onegraduated and retained as an instructor. In 1935, aged
music hall match and that was to a fellow Japaneseonly 18, Abbe Sensei won both the All Japan East
national.West Tournament and the 5th Dan championships, a
In 1900 S.K. Uyenishi joined the circuit, but soon afterpinnacle in competitive Judo. It was around this time
began teaching self defence and physical education atthat Abbe Sensei began a 10 year study of Morihei
the Army Gymnastic HQ in Aldershot. In the May ofUeshiba's Martial Art - Aikido and formulated his own
1906 the feet of arguably one of the most famousBudo philosophy of Kyu Shin Do. Abbe Sensei
Judoka, in British history, touched our shores. His namereceived his 6th Dan in 1938 and during the war years
was Gunji Koizumi (1885 - 1965), a Chinese lacquerran a military training company, where he studied and
expert by trade and master of Tenshin Shinyo Jujutsu,mastered Jukendo, the way of the Bayonet.
Kenjutsu, Akishima Ryu Jujutsu and Katsu. He wasIn 1945 the Butokukai graded Abbe Sensei 7th Dan
only to stay for a year, training and instructing hisJudo and 6th Dan Kendo and in 1949 he took up the
martial Arts around the country, notably at the Karaposition of chief instructor to the Kyoto Police and the
Ashikaga Jujutsu school, the Piccadilly School ofDoshisha University. Six years later Abbe Sensei was
Jujutsu, the RNVR, etc. until he decided to journey toteaching in Britain.
the United States. He did, however return in 1910 andAlthough initially invited by the LJS to be their chief
eventually founded the London Budokwai, in1918,instructor, a series of disagreements resulted in Abbe
offering Jujutsu, Kendo and other Japanese arts to theSensei parting company with them. The stage was
British public. A year later Koizumi asked Tani to joinset for Abbe Sensei to teach pure Kyu Shin Do to the
him as an instructor at his school of Martial Ways andBritish and in order to achieve this Abbe Sensei
Tani accepted, retiring from his Music Hall bouts.formed a number of martial Arts Councils, including the
In 1919 another, yet to be famous, Martial Artist arrivedBritish Judo Council (BJC), the British Kendo Council, the
in Britain. This time it was a Japanese gentleman byBritish Karate Council, etc. as well as an overall
the name of Masutaro O'Tani (1899 - 1977), who hadgoverning body - the International Budo Council (IBC). It
worked his passage on a merchant vessel. He was awas through these various councils that, by 1957, Abbe
Jujutsu man, having trainedin Japan as well as Ceylon,Sensei had introduced Kendo (the way of the sword),
where he had lived during his passage.Aikido (the way of spiritualharmony), Kyudo (the way
Judo Is Acceptedof the bow), Jukendo (the way of the bayonet), Iaido
Koizumi and Tani were teaching their Jujutsu method(the way of sword drawing), Yarido (theway of the
at the Budokwai until 1920, when a delegation formedspear) and Naginatado (the way of the halberd) to
by Jigoro Kano,the founder of Kodokan Judo, HikoichiEurope.
Aida and E.J.Harrison, both Kodokan Dan grades andAround this time (1956) OTani, by then a 5th Dan,
members of the Budokwai,influenced them to covertmade contact with Abbe Sensei and very soon began
to Judo. This was achieved and the Jujutsu men weretraining under him. By 1958 O'Tani had been given the
awarded their Judo 2nd Dans, in recognition of theirposition of national coach to the BJC. The early 60's
technique and status. From there on Judo waswere to prove very exciting for British Martial Artists
formally taught at the Budokwai and this can beand Abbe Sensei was instrumental in inviting leading
recognised as the starting point of British Judo.Budo teachers to Great Britain, including Nakazono
Meanwhile Masutaro O'Tani had been looking toSensei - 6th Dan Aikido and Harada Sensei - 6th Dan
continue his Martial Arts training and subsequentlyShotokai Karatedo.
joined the budokwai in 1921. Within 5 years he hadIn 1964 Abbe Sensei returned to Japan in order to see
risen to the position of assistant instruct to Yukio Tanithe Olympics hosted in his home land and Judo
and become close friends with this character. In 1948represented for the first time. It was 5 years later that
the British Judo Association (BJA) was formed, unitinghe finally returned, his delay being caused by an old
the majority of Judo clubs in Great Britain and installinginjury to his neck, that had gradually got worse since
GunjiKoizumi as President. Two years later Yukio Tanithe car accident that caused it, back in 1960. What he
passed away, having previously suffered a debilitatingreturned to was a near dormant IBC and a BJC that
stroke. Over the next few years O'Tani becamehad changed course in his absence. He felt that,
disenchanted with the Judo that was being promotedinstead of studying the truth of Budo, most BJC
by the BJA and it's anglicising of the Japanese sportmembers only wanted the physical instruction,
he loved. He was also said to be unhappy with themisunderstanding the origins of the teaching and
level of support and care that had been extended toconsequently corrupting the essence of Abbe Sensei's
his old friend Tani. Consequently,in 1954 O'Tani severedKyuShin Do philosophy.