The History of Brazilian Jiu-jitsu - Pt. 3

The Gracies face oppositionThe Gracie's were not thewobbled, and stepped back, and tried to run with the
only ones doing Jiu-Jitsu in the world during the 1900's,ropes on his back. I chased him throwing kicks and
and certainly not the only one's doing Jiu-Jitsu in Brazil,open hand strikes. He returned head butts and elbow
they were just the most popular. Early members ofstrikes. But, neither of us was able to deliver a decisive
the Gracie family in Brazil were political figures andstrike. Maybe we were both exhausted, or maybe the
very involved in the community where they lived.blood in our eyes prevented us from aiming clearly at
Among Helio's first students were Governor of Rio,the target. After all, the 40 minutes ran out, and the
Carlos Lacerda, and President, Joao Figueiredo. Therematch ended in a draw. It was my first Vale Tudo
were many Japanese immigrants practicing Judo andexperience. That night, my face was badly swollen. I
Jiu-Jitsu in Brazil and a new form of "free fighting" washad a number of cuts on my face. Every time I
also developing in Brazil at this time. The Braziliansbreathed, an excruciating pain ran through my belly,
developed a system of fighting called Luta Livre (Freeand I could not sleep. I received an injection from a
Fight), and if you ask a Gracie, they might tell you thatdoctor, and cooled my belly with a cold towel all night.
Luta Livre is from Jiu-Jitsu, if you ask a Luta LivreHowever, I learned a very important lesson in this fight.
practitioner, he might tell you something different. ThereThat is, one must never fear death. If I had not had the
is a large rivalry between the two styles, but the truthiron will to fight despite the possibility of getting killed, his
of the matter is that the styles are very similar. I heardhead butts would have torn my intestine into pieces." -
from a few sources that Luta Livre was developed(From My Judo, by Masahiko Kimura , 1985)Carlson
from Wrestling and Judo in Brazil. Luta Livre isGracie Comments on his fights with Valdemar
practiced without the gi or kimono. While I was in Brazil,Santana:
I passed down a street in Bahia (which is where"Valdemar was a student of the family for twelve or
Capoeira also comes from) named after one of thethirteen years. He fought more than 20 times for our
great Vale Tudo (meaning "anything goes") fighters ofacademy. What happened was, he had a
the mid 1900's named Valdimar Santana, who wasdisagreement with Helio Gracie, and they decided to
responsible for one of Helio Gracie's only defeats. I'vefight Vale-Tudo, and Valdemar won. In fact, I was a
heard some Brazilians call him a Luta Livre fighter,friend of his, and told him: "look Valdemar, we are
others say he was a Judoka, and the Gracies say hefriends, but now I can't let it pass, you beat Helio, now
was a Jiu-Jitsu player. During Valdimar's fight with Helioyour going to have to fight me. I have nothing against
Gracie, after over an hour, Helio's corner was forcedyou, but in the ring, I'm going to beat the shit out of
to throw in the towel. I've read that Valdimar Santanayou!" And I did. I fought against him six times. I won four
was one of Helio's students, but have heard differenttimes, and two were a draw. He was tough shit. If it
as well. Carlson Gracie would later avenge Helio'swere today, he would be one of the best fighters".
defeat by defeating Valdimar Santana in a No Rules(From O'Tatame magazine (Brazil) Translated by
fight. The other famous victory over the Gracie familyTatiana Andres, 1997)Besides Helio's defeats (where it
in the early part of the art's development occurred inis interesting to note that he did not actually submit to
1951. After defeating a famous Judo player namedeither opponent) the Gracies remained undefeated for
Kato, Helio issued a challenge to another Japanesethe most part in Vale Tudo (no holds bared) matches,
fighter named Yamaguchi. Yamaguchi was concerneduntil another Japanese fighter would give them some
about taking the fight because he felt Helio would betrouble. After the popularity of the Ultimate Fighting
hard to submit. A friend of Yamaguchi namedChampionship in the United States, Japan started to
Masahiko Kimura (5'6" 185 Lbs.) stepped up to facehost a series of Vale Tudo tournaments, one fighter in
Helio in his place. The fight between Helio and Kimuraparticular started grabbing everyone's attention, and his
resulted in a win for Kimura by TKO after Helio's sidename was Kazushi Sakuraba. Sakuraba was not the
threw in the towel. Kimura applied udegarami (abiggest fighter on the scene, but he was creative and
shoulder lock now called the Kimura), an arm lock toexperienced. Sakuraba represented the sport of
Helio's left arm, breaking it. Helio was commended forJapanese Wrestling, which is very different from
not giving up, but still suffered a defeat, nonetheless.American wrestling in many ways, the biggest
An interesting event occurred later in the 1950's whendifference being that Japanese wrestlers have an
Kimura ended up facing Valdimar Santana in a Nooutstanding knowledge of submission holds. The
Holds Barred Match. He describes the name of theWrestling style that Sakuraba practiced looked almost
fighter as Adema, but I assume that this is a spellingexactly like Jiu-Jitsu, and during my research for this
mistake made in the translation due to the descriptionbook, I've stumbled across more than one article that
being identical to Valdimar right down to the place hestates Sakuraba had trained Jiu-Jitsu quite extensively.
resided. Kimura describes the match in this excerptSakuraba had been winning no holds barred matches
taken from his biography "My Judo". I debated for aagainst some formidable opponents in Japan, including
while about whether to include this, but it was soBrazilian Jiu-Jitsu Black Belt Conan Silvera, whom he
interesting, hard to find in print, and so historicallybeat with a Juji Gatame, or in Portuguese, Chave
significant that I had to share it with you. This excerptBraco, a standard move in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. It wasn't
really gives a lot of insight as to what was happeninglong before Sakuraba and the Japanese press set
in Brazil during this time period, and gives an idea abouttheir sights on the Gracie family. Sakuraba's first
how far ahead of the U.S. and Japan that Brazil was invictory over a Gracie family member was over
Mixed Martial Arts fighting. The next two andRoyler. Sakuraba outweighed Royler by at least forty
three-quarter pages are taken directly from Kimura'spounds. The fight ended in a very controversial
book, My Judo."My opponent Adema (Valdimar)referee stoppage, over which Royler appeared to be
Santana was a 25 year old black man, and was avery upset about. The second was to Royce; this fight
boxing heavy weight champion. He was 4th dan inlasted about an hour and thirty minutes until Royce's
judo, and a capoeira champion as well. He was 183cmcorner threw in the towel. To Royce's credit, Sakuraba
had a well proportioned impressive physique. Hiswas not able to submit him and Royce fought very
weight was close to 100kg. Bahia, where the matchwell. The third was to Renzo Gracie. Renzo was
took place, is a port city where black slaves werefighting very well until Sakuraba applied the same lock
unloaded. The slaves were forbidden to carry ahe used to defeat Royler; the lock was applied
weapon. As a result, many martial arts werestanding and when the two fell to the floor, the fall
developed by them, I heard. Vale Tudo is one of suchbroke Renzo's arm. Once again, the Gracie family
martial arts. In the south of Sao Paulo, pro wrestling ismember did not submit, and the referee stopped the
popular. But the farther one goes to the north, thefight. The fourth was to Ryan Gracie who lost the fight
more popular Vale Tudo becomes. Helio Gracie, whomafter suffering an injury to his shoulder and after time
I had previously fought, was the champion in Valeexpired by judge's decision. I have researched a
Tudo. But Adema Santana challenged him the previouscouple of sources that claim a famed BJJ black belt
year (Note: 1957), and after 2 hours and 10 minutes,named Sergio Penha was actually training Sakuraba
Helio got kicked in the abdomen, could not get up, andand that this aided him in his victories.
got knocked out. Thus, Adema had become the newTo the Gracie family's credit, I have not seen
champion. In Vale Tudo, no foul is allowed. 1 foul resultsmembers of the Gracie family 'lose' very often. There
in an immediate disqualification. No shoes are allowed.are incidences in sport Jiu-Jitsu where a Gracie family
When the fighters are separated, they are not allowedmember will lose to another Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu player,
to strike with a fist, and they have to use open handbut that is Jiu-Jitsu losing to Jiu-Jitsu. Dan Henderson's
strikes. But once they get in contact with each other,victory over Renzo Gracie is one of the few I can
every type of strike is allowed but groin strikes. Allrecall where anyone outside of the sport of Jiu-Jitsu or
types of throws and joint locks are legal. The winner isthe art of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu defeated a Gracie family
decided when one of the fighters is KO'd ormember.Jiu-Jitsu has now developed beyond the
surrenders. Biting and hair pulling were illegal. SinceGracie family and with all appropriate respect and
bare-knuckle punches are traded, taking direct 2 or 3thanks to them, it moves forward and progresses
hits in the eye means the end of the fight. I was toldthrough the teachings of instructors from all parts of
there have been many cases in which a fighter got hitthe world. It wasn't until this happened that people from
in the eye with an elbow, and the eyeball popped outoutside the art of Jiu-Jitsu started claiming victories
from the socket by half, and got carried to the hospitalover Gracie family members. By introducing the
by an ambulance. Therefore, there were always 2Brazilian style of Jiu-Jitsu to North America, the Gracie
ambulances at the entrance of the arena."I have nofamily opened the door to great financial rewards and
choice. I will fight." I said. Then, the promoter grinned,the problems that would come with success.Brazilian
took out a form and told me to sign it. Yano translatedJiu-Jitsu was introduced to the United States in the
the content, which said, "Even if I die in this match, it is1970's, but was not made popular until 1993, when
what I intended, and will not make anyone accountableRoyce Gracie defeated opponents from other martial
for my death." I nodded, and signed the form. On myarts in a contest called the Ultimate Fighting
way to the ring, someone raised his arm and wavedChampionship. This type of fighting was known in Brazil
at me. It was Helio Gracie, whom I had not seen foras Vale Tudo (anything goes) and would later become
several years. Helio was at the radio broadcast seat.known as NHB (No Holds Barred) here in the United
He was the commentator of the match. The gongStates. The effectiveness of the art form over so
rang. Adema and I circled the ring first. I lightly extendedmany others made Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu known to the
my fingers in a half-body posture, and prepared for hismartial arts community and the world. This was
kicks. Adema, also in a half-body posture, had tuckedAmerica's first look at Mixed Martial Arts fighting. Unlike
his chin, tightened his underarms, as he would do in amany other martial arts, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu gained its
boxing match. Once in a while, he delivered high kicksreputation and popularity through effective fighting, not
to my face."I blocked the kicks with my hands, andHollywood movies.In November of 1993, a large
returned a kick with my right leg. Adema started tonumber of Americans would get their first look at
deliver right and left roundhouse kicks. I stepped backBrazilian Jiu-Jitsu ... it wasn't pretty. For years in the
and dodged them, but suddenly, I received a fire-likeUnited States, the Martial Arts community had been
impact on my face. It was an open hand strike. I hadplagued by the mystique and misconception created
overlooked his hand motion, paying too much attentionby Hollywood. I can remember getting into street fights
to his kicks. When I got hit in the temple, and the coreas a kid and having my opponent say "OK, no Kung fu
of my head became a blur, left and right roundhousestuff!" thinking that if the other guy knew Kung fu,
kicks came. When I blocked his right kick with my leftsomething terribly deadly would happen. This couldn't
hand, a tremendous pain ran through from the tip ofbe farther from the truth, and in 1993 we would all find
the little finger to the back of the hand. I had jammedthat out. To make a long and over-told story short,
the finger. I traded kicks with him. The entire audiencesRoyce Grace, a thin Brazilian, was pitted against
were standing with excitement. Even in this situation, Ichampions of Kung Fu, Karate, Boxing, Kickboxing,
was able to think clearly. While I was thinking 'Adema isWrestling and a variety of other Martial arts in a
one level higher than I both in kicks and open handcontest called the Ultimate Fighting Championship.
strikes. In order to win, I must take the fight to theUnlike the American No Holes Barred contests of
ground,' another fast kick flew at my abdomen."I strucktoday, Royce had to fight up to 4 times in each
the kick down with left knife hand, and jumped in totournament. There were no weight classes and
deliver a head butt on his abdomen with a momentumRoyce was usually the lightest, sometimes being
that could penetrate through his body. This must haveoutweighed by 80 lbs. or more. There were very few
had an effect on him. He covered his abdomen, andrules: no eye gouging, no biting, and no time limits.
stepped back while wobbling. I wanted to get close toAlthough this would be The United State's first look at
him, throw him, get on top of him, and use Newaza. If IBrazilian Jiu-jitsu vs. other styles of Martial Arts, it was
succeed in this, I could use elbow strikes and headnot the first time a ground fighting style would have the
butts. Adema recovered from the damage, andopportunity to show the superiority of Grappling vs.
delivered a kick to my face again. I ducked the kick,Striking alone.In 1963, Gene Labell (a Judo player) faced
and jumped in for a clinch. I got in a tight clinch toa champion Boxer named Milo Savage, gaining a solid
prevent him from using knee kicks or elbow strikes.victory for Grappling enthusiasts everywhere. The
We traversed along the rope. All of a sudden, IUltimate Fighting Championship was the catalyst for
received a head cracking impact. I experienced aBrazilian Jiu-Jitsu in the US, but after the initial boom of
tremendous ear ringing, and got momentarilypopularity, there would be a whole new world of
unconscious. I received a head butt on my left temple.problems to face. The same entrepreneurial and
It was a head butt from a side. I had thought that allcapitalist ideals that made America great would be a
the head butts would come from front. I never knew ahindrance to the authenticity and quality of Brazilian
side head butt. 'I cannot lose here. I must win even if IJiu-Jitsu in the United States. Carley Gracie (Carlos'
may die,' I thought. Driven by this will power, I tried toson, Carlson's younger brother and Roll's older brother)
find a way to fight back. The referee then came inwas the first to bring their Brazilian style of Jiu-Jitsu to
between to separate us. We were already coveredthe U.S. The idea was born through his training of
with blood. The fight was brought back to the centerAmerican Marines in Rio (in the early 1970's) and by
of the ring again. Adema threw a right open hand1972, he was teaching Jiu-Jitsu in California. Rorion was
strike. I caught the arm and attempted Ippon-seoi. Itthe next to come, opening his academy in California
seemed like I could score a clean throw. However, itand trade marking the Gracie name. This action would
was a miscalculation. We were both heavily coveredlead to a huge problem in the family; Rorian was not
with sweat as if a large amount of water had beenallowing any other members of the Gracie family to
poured onto our heads. Moreover, he had no jacket on.use the name, and was also accused by family
There was no way such a technique could havemembers of distorting the truth about the history of the
worked under these conditions. His arm slipped through,art, since he had claimed his father (Helio) was
and my body rotated in the air once forward, andresponsible for the birth of the art.I have found through
landed on my back. 'I screwed up!' I shouted in mythe research of this book that everyone has his/her
mind, but it was too late. Adema immediately jumpedown story, so it was most logical to go with common
at me. If he got on my chest, he could freely strike mydenominators to find the truth. Carley would later
eyes, nose, and chest with his elbows."I caught him in achallenge Rorion to fight, as they had done when they
body scissors. I squeezed his body with full forcewere younger (Carley claims to have defeated Rorion
hoping to sever his intestine. Adema crumbledpreviously a total of eight times), but Rorion preferred
momentarily, but did not surrender. Since the bodyto battle it out in court. This was the second major split
scissors did not finish him, I realized that I was in ain the Gracie family after the first split between
disadvantageous position. When I lifted my head,Carlson and Helio, but it would be the first of many to
hundreds of stars flew out of my eyes. I took ahappen in the United States. Rickson came to teach
straight punch between my nose and my eyes. It wasas well, along with the Machado Brothers (who are
an accurate intense punch. The back of my head gotrelated to the Gracie family as cousins), both
slammed onto the mat."Moreover, an intense head butteventually separated from Rorion due to some sort of
attacked my abdomen. It felt like my organs would bebusiness differences. Actually, it was Rickson
torn into pieces. Once, twice, I hardened my abdominal(considered by many to be the champion of the
muscles to withstand the impact, and waited for thefamily) who felt he should be the first Ultimate Fighting
3rd attack. At the moment the 3rd head butt came,Champion, but Rorion was in control of the early UFC's
my right fist accurately caught Adema's face byand decided it would be Royce who would make the
counter. It landed between his nose and eyes. Bloodpoint to the American public, and the rest is recent
splattered. I had also already been heavily coveredhistory.For More Information on this Subject, visit Simco
with blood. The blood interfered with my vision. 'Kill him,is a Brazilian Jiu-jitsu Black Belt and author of several
kill him!' the devil in my mind screamed. Ademabooks on the subject.