Jujitsu: History, Philosophy And Methods

Brief History:style. The basic techniques of attacks includes throws,
Jujitsu is a 2500 year old unarmed combat disciplinelocks, hitting and striking, thrusting and punching, pinning
that has its roots in ancient Japan. The exact date onand immobilizing, strangling and joint-locking, with strong
the creation of this martial art form is hard to trace butemphasis on throws, locks, and defensive techniques.
techniques resembling that of Jujitsu had already beenIn-fighting and close work are also focused upon.
incorporated into the training methods of the Samurai,Even though Jujitsu is basically an unarmed fighting
from the 8th to the 6th centuries. Earliest Japanesesystem, small weapons like the Jitte (truncheon), Tanto
historical records such as the Kojiki (Record of Ancient(knife), or Kakushi Buki (hidden weapons), which include
Matters) and the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan)the Ryofundo Kusari (weighted chain) or the
also have passages related to unarmed combatBankokuchoki (a type of knuckle-duster) may also be
systems.used in combat.
Before this Japanese martial art developed into whatCompetition Systems:
we know as Jujitsu today, there were many otherConventional Jujitsu can be dangerous, or maybe even
Japanese combat techniques such as Kogusoku,fatal if its fundamental techniques were to be applied.
yawara, kumiuchi, and hakuda etc, also collectivelySo, in order to make the art a safer sport for the
known as Sengoku Jujutsu. Traditions finally gave risecompetitive arena, systems and rules have to be
to the modern Nihon Jujutsu we know today, which isintroduced. That is why most of the competition
classified under Edo Jujutsu - the true unarmedmethods have incorporated "Half-contact", which
Japanese combat system.prohibits serious attempts to knock out an opponent.
Jujitsu gained prominence during the reign of1. The Fighting System: This is the most popular
Tokugawa in the 1600s but was soon alienated whenmethod, divided into three phases. The first is for
Emperor Melse regained power. However, towardsstriking only, the second for striking, grappling and
the mid-20th century, the ban on Jujitsu in Japan wasthrowing, and the third includes ground-fighting such as
lifted, following the Meiji restoration, and the combat artchokeholds.
form began to be widely practiced.2. The Practical System: According to this rule, two
The Philosophy:defenders are surrounded by four attackers from four
Jujitsu revolves around three basic states of mind -corners. Highest points go to the best defender judged
Zanshin, Mushin and Fudoshin. The proper combinationupon effectiveness, oversight and control of the
of these elements gave the power, preparation andsituation.
potential to the practitioner to excel in the Jujitsu art.3. The Duo System: In this system, contestants are
1. Zanshin - "remaining spirit" - connotes the readinessrandomly chosen and awarded points for effective
for anything at any given time.defences. The attacks are divided into four groups of
2. Mushin - "no mind" - Its spontaneity permitsfive attacks each.
instantaneous action without conscious thought.4. Combat Jujitsu: The most recent system developed
3. Fudoshin - "immovable mind" -during times ofin the United States. Victory in the competition is based
confrontation.on submission. The combat round between the two
Basic Methods:opponents lasts for not more than two minutes.
Jujitsu is a circular, hard and soft, external combat